Historical Background
Historical Background
歷史背景
-Economies have developed over time. - 社會不斷發展
-Economic theories have developed to explain - 經濟理論不斷發展以解釋
changing circumstances. 環境的轉變
-In the 19th century and the beginning of the - 於十九世紀及二十世紀初期
20th century, classical theory dominated . 由古典學派獨領風騷
-In 1930, time of the Great Depression, classical - 於一九三零年, 經濟大衰退年代
theories had difficulties in explaining why 古典學派不能解釋經濟不斷衰退
the depression kept getting worse. 的原因
-An economist, J.M. Keynes began to develop - 經濟學家凱因斯發展另一套經濟
alternative ideas. 理論
-This marked the birth of Keynesian economics - 這是凱因斯學派的起源
-All post-war governments used Keynesian - 戰後各國政府均採用凱因斯
policies until the beginning of the 1970s. 政策直至一九七零年代初期
- Unemployment and inflation rose together. - 失業和通貨膨脹一起發生
- Another economist, M. Frideman, and other - 經濟學家費利民及其他在芝加
Monetarist economists at Chicago University 哥大學的貨幣學派的經濟學者
worked to explain the causes of inflation. 一起解釋通脹的原因
- Conservative government of the 1980s became - 一九八零年代保守的政府
disillusioned with Monetarism. 對貨幣派學說感失望
- They returned to a modern variation of classical - 他們改用古典學派的現代版
economic management -neo-classical economics. -- 新古典學派
- It stresses the role of free market in bringing the - 強調自由市場對帶來最佳經濟
best possible level of economic growth. 成長的角色
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